Artificial Intelligence :: Essays Papers

Artificial IntelligenceThe computer revolution has influenced everyday matters from the authority letters are written to the methods in which our banks, governments, and credit card agencies obtain track of our finances. The development of artificial perception is just a micro percentage of the computer revolution and how society studys with, learns, and incorporates artificial intelligence. It will alone be the beginning of the huge impact and achievements of the computer revolution.A touchstone definition of artificial intelligence, or AI, is that computers simply copy behaviors of pityings that would be regarded as effectual if a human being did them. However, within this definition, several(prenominal) issues and views still conflict because of ways of interpreting the results of AI programs by scientists and critics. The more or less common and natural approach to AI research is to ask of all program, what can it do? What are the literal results in comparison to human intelligence? For example, what matters about a chess-playing program is how good it is. Can it peradventure beat chess grand masters? There is also a more structured approach in assessing artificial intelligence, which began opening the inlet of the artificial intelligence contribution into the comprehension world. According to this theoretical approach, what matters is not the input-output relations of the computer, but also what the program can tell us about actual human cognition (Ptack, 1994).From this point of view, artificial intelligence can not only give a commercial or business world the advantage, but also a understanding and gratifying beneficial extend to everyone who knows how to use a pocket calculator. It can go past any living mathematician at multiplication and division, so it qualifies as intelligent under the definition of artificial intelligence. This fact does not entertain the mental aspect of artificial intelligence, because such computers d o not attempt to mimic the actual thought processes of people doing arithmetic (Crawford, 1994). On the other hand, AI programs that simulate human vision are theoretical attempts to understand the actual processes of human beings and how they view and interpret the outside world. A great deal of the debate about artificial intelligence confuses the two views, so that sometimes success in artificial intelligences practical application is supposed to leave alone structured or theoretical understanding in this branch of science known as cognitive science. Chess-playing programs are a good example.

Free Companies :: Essays Papers

Free Companies In 1337 hostilities erupted between France and England that would continue, with brief times of peace, until 1453. This contend, which lasted for over a century, would latter be known as The Hundred age War. One of the terms that originated during this war were bands of mercenaries formed in France called Free Companies. To understand Free Companies amply one must first look at the Hundred Years War for explanation. The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. (http//www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/milhist/100.html) Not only was this war between kings, but lesser nobles too were fighting for their own interests, while they fought for their country. Looking back devil centuries earlier can be seen as the true ca practice session for this war. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a subject of the cut King. The French speaking English Kings to follow gained more and more land from the English. moreover the Engl ish King still ruled two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne. In the 14th century, the French king Philip VI demanded that the English return these provinces to the French. When Edward trinity denied Philip VI of this, saying that Philips claim to the French thrown was not as strong as Edwards own right to rule both France and England, war broke out. Because the kings and nobles were not wealthy enough to maintain armies permanently, and the ancient administration of raising troops through feudal obligation had, for the time being, fall apart, the most effective armies were made up of mercenaries. The definition of mercenaries given by the Oxford American Dictionary is professional soldiers serving a foreign country. These professional, pay troops became a popular practice through out atomic number 63 in the 14th century. Both Knights and commoners under arms were eager to sequestrate the money of anyone wishing to raise an army. The English were the first of these two countries to use this practice. Free Companies were formed by the English to fight in France.

Cabaret Essay -- essays research papers

How do the cabaret songs and routines comment on the well-disposed issues which are the background for the report of nightclub?Satirical on every level, Bob Fosses 1972 film Cabaret redefines the previously accepted genre of the musical. Using the songs and routines as cunning tools of social commentary the musical numbers both(prenominal) predict and interpret the being of Berlin in 1931.The opening routine, Wilkommen, is a powerful introduction to the opposing worlds of the protagonists Brian and quip and also indicates the significance all songs in the Cabaret will be instilled with. As the camera moves from the distorted mirror to the grotesquely masked guinea pig of the Master of Ceremonies (Joel Grey) who claims, I am your host, wilkommen, the need to look below the beautiful surface of both the cabaret and Berlin is established. As the opening progresses the MC welcomes in three languages, English, french and German, communicating from the outset that the satirical an d political messages of the film are universal, tho often in need of personal interpretation. It is obvious the the MC as a good host will meet all our ask and it is vital to note that it is with him that we establish our initial identification the relationship with Brian (Michael York) is secondhand even though he is the protagonist. Like the audience, the MC is an observer who seeks to recapitulation the world of Berlin.The initial establishment of the female protagonist, Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli), is also undertake...

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and The Green nicknameThe story, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, was told in the14th century by an anonymous poet about a young knight on his commencement adventure. In my analysis of Part 4, lines 2358 through 2350, I will hold forth the significance of the number three, the tap, the asking of the Green Knight his name, and the parking area belt. I will develop the theory that the author uses this story and these significant symbols to shore out his Christian beliefs about the flesh and its weakness. The passage opens with the Green Knight explaining why he has not struck Gawain the first cardinal propagation because Gawain has kept the agreements. The agreement is that whatever the Green Knight wins in the woods, he will exchange with Sir Gawain for his earning in the castle at the end of for each one day. The Green Knight explains that the reason that Gawain is tapped is because the third time he withheld a part of his earnings for the day (the green belt). The Green Knight swings two times, stopping short on the third time, he lights-out Gawain, scarring him scarcely not chopping polish off his head.There is great significance in the situation that the events in this poem occur in multiples of three. Three times Gawain is tempted by the lovely lady, and on the third time, he succumbs to her temptations, by accepting the green belt. The hunts take place on three different days. The third day, Gawain withholds a portion of his earnings. The Green Knight swings at Gawain three times. He deliberately misses the first two times. On the third time he taps him, leaving a scar. The significance of all these threes is that Christianity teaches the trilogy the Father, the Son, the Holy Ghost. Almost everything in life falls into groups threes man, women, tyke three trimesters to the birth of a child the Sun, Moon and the Earth. The fact that the events unfold in counts of threes explains the depth with which the anonymous poet was difficult to connect this story and this passage to the bible and biblical events.The tap represents Gawains punishment for not exchanging his earnings. He is tapped instead of his head being chopped off because the Green Knight acknowledges the fact that he has told his wife, the lovely lady, to tempt Gawain and he understands why Gawain does not give up the green belt.

Stagecraft :: essays research papers

Sunrise in my Pocket, an American folk drama originally written by Edwin Justus Mayer, nevertheless adapted by Jeffrey Hayden for the Playmakers Repertory ships company recounts the epic adventure of Davy Crockett, Tennessee statesman and frontiersman and his subsequent journey to Texas. Davy Crockett, represent effortlessly by Playmakers leading actor, Kenneth P. Strong, is accompanied by his cheeseparing companion, Crawling Caterpillar, the gallant ex-pirate Hardin, the woman hating Thimblerig, and the man-hating Annie each part was heartened respectfully by Douglas Spain, Mike Regan, Jeffrey Blair Cornell, and Jamie Rose.The success of Jeffrey Haydens production should be attributed to the talented cast and their professional zeal that was evident in each exclusive performance. The main plot, the actual journey and the carefully woven sub-plots, between for slip Thimblerig and Annie became the foundation for fun-loving adventure and perhaps in the imagination of the aud itory modality greater adventure upon arrival in the Texas. The audience and thus the play greatly benefited from the use of the thrust stage, extending beyond the proscenium arch, the stage was surrounded on three sides by the audience. The thrust stage moved the serve into the crowd the audience became an extra, part of the play, no longer an audience removed, but an audience part. The stage was also raked, or maintained a long-lived slope atop a level auditorium floor. The sloped stage increase the effectiveness of the thrust stage, further projecting the action into the audience. The task of simulating the American frontier was given to scene designer Narelle Sissons and lighting designer bloody shame Louise Geiger. Sissons created a beautifully naked sink, backed by a plantation of trees that was brought to life by Geigers gentle moonbeams, water reflections, and campfire light. Not nigh as empty as Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot however, both sets go forth the imagin ation to improvise and individually interpret the play. Sissons and Geiger created an appropriately classy set and lighting scene that added to the plays performance. Costume Designer, Marianne Custer, continued with the idea of simplicity period selecting the worn frontier clothing. Annie became the notable standout however, with her tight fitting buckskins. The costume save added to the character, a frontier feminist, Annie could compete with the bravest of males, but was still very maidenlike and had the beauty only a woman could. Sound Designer, M. Anthony Reimer, provided the audience with a subtle, yet effective portrayal of backcountry sounds.

The Role of Ancient Gods Essay -- essays research papers fc

When we study superannuated classical and Roman literature, we project that the world perception in those times, among people, was much different from what it is now. It is especi altogethery straightforward when we begin to analyze the role of mythical and ghostlike elements in superannuated literature. According to the classical Christian theological theory, peoples look at for believing in supernatural worlds is caused by their disquietude of nature. This concept strikingly resembles the Marxist explanation - it also genss tending as the principal(prenominal) factor.If one reads Homers Iliad and Odyssey, and Virgils Aeneid, he gets to tell apart that the antediluvian patriarch concept of peoples interaction with Gods is totally deprived of fear in any form. In all three masterpieces, Gods are essentially described as benignants, with all their strengths and weaknesses, although world immortal. Humans often applaud Gods, but not out of fear they simply respect t heir superiority. umpteen historians suggest that one of the briny reasons, which en satisfactoryd classical and Roman civilizations to reach terrible heights in the fields of culture and science, is the fact of their sacred liberalism.let us to take a closer look at all three meters, so itll be easier for us to find common religious motives in all of them. Homers Odyssey is one of the finest examples of antiquated Greek literature. Along with Iliad it represents an ultimate expression of ancient spirit, which we still use as a standard while assessing the cultural legacy of our own horse opera civilization.Modern historians doubt whether the same author wrote these two epic masterpieces. The primary(prenominal) reason for this is that Odyssey, stylistically and conceptually, is much different from Iliad. First one is a high tragedy, its storyline based on the events of Trojan War. The style of this meter is very noble and there is no place for petty humans weaknesses. The action takes place at the time when city of Troy was being besieged by Achaeans. Achaean leader Agamemnon takes Chrysies as his prize. She prays Apollo, who sends a pestilence on Achaeans. Achaean hero Achilles asks his mother sea-nymph Thetis to ask Zeus to penalise Achaeans for being ignorant towards Achilles God of the silver bow, thy ear incline,Whose power encircles Cilla the comprehendWhose sacred eye thy Tenedos surveys,And gilds fair Chrysa with distinguished raysIf, fired to vengeance at thy priests request,Thy d... ...iter favors Aeneas. The God of Sea Neptune is also on the side of Aeneas, whos competent to safely reach the shores of Carthage, after storm dies down as a result of Neptunes involvement. Among other Roman Gods that interact with Aeneas, we can make up Mercury, Aeolus, Cupid, Allecto, Vulcan, Saturn and Minerva. The role of worshipful beings in all three poems can precisely be overestimated. What separates these poems from later Christian literature is the fact the Gods actively recruit in peoples affairs and there is no conceit found on them Bibliography1.Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Fitzgerald, R. Garden City, NY, Anchor/Doubleday, 19612.Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Lattimore, R. University of Chicago. 1951.3.Vergil. Aeneid. Translated by Williams. T. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910.The Outline1)P. 1, Short introduction of the topic.2)Pp. 1 2, Homers Iliad analysis.3)Pp. 2 3, Homers Odyssey analysis.4)Pp. 3 4, Virgils Aeneid analysis. The Role of Ancient Gods try -- essays research papers fc When we study ancient Greek and Roman literature, we realize that the world perception in those times, among people, was much different from what it is now. It is especially provable when we begin to analyze the role of mythical and religious elements in ancient literature. According to the classical Christian theological theory, peoples regard for believing in supernatural beings is caused by their fear of nature. This concept strikingly resembles the Marxist explanation - it also names fear as the important factor.If one reads Homers Iliad and Odyssey, and Virgils Aeneid, he gets to realize that the ancient concept of peoples interaction with Gods is totally deprived of fear in any form. In all three masterpieces, Gods are essentially described as humans, with all their strengths and weaknesses, although being immortal. Humans often delight in Gods, but not out of fear they simply respect their superiority. many another(prenominal) historians suggest that one of the main reasons, which enabled Greek and Roman civilizations to reach ludicrous heights in the fields of culture and science, is the fact of their religious liberalism.let us to take a closer look at all three poems, so itll be easier for us to find common religious motives in all of them. Homers Odyssey is one of the finest examples of ancient Greek literature. Along with Iliad it represents an ultimate expression of ancient spirit, which we still use as a standard while assessing the cultural legacy of our own westbound civilization.Modern historians doubt whether the same author wrote these two epic masterpieces. The main reason for this is that Odyssey, stylistically and conceptually, is much different from Iliad. First one is a high tragedy, its storyline based on the events of Trojan War. The style of this poem is very noble and there is no place for petty human weaknesses. The action takes place at the time when city of Troy was being besieged by Achaeans. Achaean leader Agamemnon takes Chrysies as his prize. She prays Apollo, who sends a gadfly on Achaeans. Achaean hero Achilles asks his mother sea-nymph Thetis to ask Zeus to penalise Achaeans for being ignorant towards Achilles God of the silver bow, thy ear incline,Whose power encircles Cilla the divineWhose sacred eye thy Tenedos surveys,And gilds fair Chrysa with distinguished raysIf, fired to vengeance at thy priests request,T hy d... ...iter favors Aeneas. The God of Sea Neptune is also on the side of Aeneas, whos able to safely reach the shores of Carthage, after storm dies down as a result of Neptunes involvement. Among other Roman Gods that interact with Aeneas, we can name Mercury, Aeolus, Cupid, Allecto, Vulcan, Saturn and Minerva. The role of divine beings in all three poems can hardly be overestimated. What separates these poems from later Christian literature is the fact the Gods actively embark in peoples affairs and there is no psyche found on them Bibliography1.Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Fitzgerald, R. Garden City, NY, Anchor/Doubleday, 19612.Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Lattimore, R. University of Chicago. 1951.3.Vergil. Aeneid. Translated by Williams. T. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910.The Outline1)P. 1, Short introduction of the topic.2)Pp. 1 2, Homers Iliad analysis.3)Pp. 2 3, Homers Odyssey analysis.4)Pp. 3 4, Virgils Aeneid analysis.

The Good and Bad of R.A.T. Theory. Essay -- Essays Papers

The Good and Bad of R.A.T. Theory. wherefore do people commit crime? It depends on who you ask and how you assist at it, also what you define crime as. There argon many another(prenominal) theories out there about why people commit crime. wizard of these theories is Routine Activities Theory. Routine activities theory was first articulated in a series of papers by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson. Crime and victimization involve the intersection of triple factors targets, guardians, and motive. The following quote gives a description of these three motives. Cohen and Felson hold back for granted that both the motivation to commit crime and the supply of wrongdoers are constant. either society will always have some people who are willing to break the law for revenge, greed, or some other motive. The brashness and distribution of predatory crime (violent crimes against a person and crimes in which an offender attempts to steal an object directly) are closely rel ated to the interaction of three variables that reflect the routine activities of the typical American lifestyle1.The availability of sufficient targets, much(prenominal) as homes containing easily salable goods.2.The absence of capable guardians, much(prenominal) as police, homeowners, neighbors, friends, and relatives,3.The presence of motivated offenders, such as large subjugate of unemployed teenagers. The presence of these components increases the likelihood that predatory crime will take place. Targets are more likely to be victimized if they are sickly guarded and exposed to a large group of motivated offenders such as teenage boys. Cohen and Felson argue that crime rates increased betwixt 1960 and 1980 because the number of adult caretakers at home during the day... ...case doctors blames victims. South China break of the day Post Ltd. 29 Nov. 2002. Ragsdale, Shirley. Anger against someone who looks like an Arab is misdirected The di ethylstilbestrol Moines file Online. 21 Nov. 2001. Siegel, Larry J. Criminology The Core. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. United Sates. 2002. Witosky, Tom. Pierce deal Positive Step for Victims? The Des Moines Register Online. 11 Nov. 2002.